Fathers and Sons

Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons is a masterpiece not only of the nineteenth century but of the whole of Russian literature, a book full to bursting with life. It is a novel about the relations between the young and the old, about love, families, politics, religion, about strong beliefs and heated disagreements, illness and death. It is about the clash between liberals and conservatives, revolutionaries and reactionaries. At the time of its publication in 1862, the book aroused indignation in its critics who felt betrayed by Turgenev's refusal to let his novel serve a single ideology; it also received spirited defense by those who saw in his diffuse sympathies a greater service to art and to humanity.